Scales for the scientific community - Chaire sur la sécurité et l’intégrité en milieu sportif (SIMS)

CSES

Conformity to the Sport Ethic Scale

The CSES is the first validated tool available in the literature to assess the conformity level of athletes to the ethical standards in sport (e.g., to be a “true athlete”, one must be willing to make sacrifices to achieve one’s goals). This tool consists of three subscales that measure the Self-Sacrifice norm, the Striving for Distinction norm, and the Refusal to Accept Limits norm.

Language : French and English

Mode : Self-administered

Publication date : 2020

Validation :

Parent, S., Fortier, K., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., Lessard, G., Goulet, C., Demers, G., Paradis, H., & Hartill, M. (2020). Development and initial factor validation of the French Conformity to the Sport Ethic Scale (CSES). Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 52(4), 331–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000168

-Boudreault, V., Gagnon-Girouard, M. P., Carbonneau, N., Labossière, S., Bégin, C., & Parent, S. (2022). Extreme weight control behaviors among adolescent athletes: Links with weight-related maltreatment from parents
and coaches and sport ethic norms. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 57(3), 421-439. doi: 10.1177/10126902211018672.

-Demers, E., Lessard, G., Parent, S., & Paradis, H. (2021). Athlete victims of sexual violence: Links to conformity to the sport ethic. European Journal for Sport and Society, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.
2003056

-Fournier, C., Parent, S., & Paradis, H.. (2021). The relationship between psychological violence by coaches andconformity of young athletes to the sport ethic norms. European Journal for Sport and Society, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.1878436

-Parent, S., Radziszewski, S., Gillard, A., Bélanger-Gravel, A., Gagné, M.-H., St-Pierre, E., Vertommen, T., & Woodburn, A. (2024).Development and initial validation of the perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport scale. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1355958

VTAQ

Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire

The VTAQ is a validated questionnaire that evaluate all types of interpersonal violence (IV; sexual, psychological, physical and neglect) in the specific context of sport. The questionnaire is divided into 3 subscales, depending on the perpetrator of violence (athlete, coach, or parent).

Language : French and English

Mode : Self-administered

Publication date : 2019

Validation :

Parent, S., Fortier, K., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., Lessard, G., Goulet, C., Demers, G., Paradis, H., & Hartill, M. (2019). Development and initial factor validation of the Violence Toward Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ) in a sample of young athletes. Loisir et Société / Society and Leisure, 42(3), 471-486. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2019.1682262

-Boudreault, V., Gagnon-Girouard, M. P., Carbonneau, N., Labossière, S., Bégin, C., & Parent, S. (2022). Extreme weight control behaviors among adolescent athletes: Links with weight-related maltreatment from parents
and coaches and sport ethic norms. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 57(3), 421-439. doi: 10.1177/10126902211018672.

-Demers, E., Lessard, G., Parent, S., & Paradis, H. (2021). Athlete victims of sexual violence: Links to conformity to the sport ethic. European Journal for Sport and Society, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.
2003056

-Fournier, C., Parent, S., & Paradis, H.. (2021). The relationship between psychological violence by coaches andconformity of young athletes to the sport ethic norms. European Journal for Sport and Society, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1080/16138171.2021.1878436

-Gillard, A., Labossière, S., Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., & Parent, S. (2024). Diversity of Profiles Among Adolescent-Athletes Reporting Sexual Violence in Sport. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2024.2434852

-Mountjoy, M., Adriaens, K., Junge, A., Verhelle, H., Laureys, F., Kirby, S., Dienstbach-Wech, L., Foster, J., & Vertommen, T. (2024). Association of self-reported health problems and interpersonal violence in sport: a cross-sectional study in world-level performing athletes.British Journal of Sports Medicine, 58(22), 1360–1368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-109022

-Pankowiak, A.,Woessner, M. N., Parent, S., Vertommen, T., Eime, R., Spaaij, R., Harvey, J., & Parker, A. G. (2022). Psychological, physical, and sexual violence against children in Australian community sport: Frequency, perpetrator and victim characteristics. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 38(3-4), 4338- 4365. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221114155

-Parent, S., Clermont, C., Radziszewski, S., Vertommen, T., & Dion, J. (2023). Child maltreatment and links with experiences of interpersonal violence in sport in a sample of Canadian adolescents. Social sciences, 12(6), 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12060336

-Parent, S., & Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P. (2021). Magnitude and risk factors for interpersonal violence experienced by Canadian teenagers in the sport context. Journal of sport and social issues, 45(6), 528-544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723520973571

-Parent, S., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., & Gillard, A. (2022). Interpersonal violence (IV) in sport and mental health outcomes in teenagers. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 46(4), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/01937235211043652

-Vertommen, T., Decuyper, M., Parent, S., Pankowiak, A., & Woessner, M. N. (2022). Interpersonal violence in Belgian sport today: Young athletes report. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(18), 11745. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811745

-Vertommen, T., Decuyper, M., Parent, S., & Paradis, H. (2022). Validation of the Dutch (Flemish) version of the violence towards athletes questionnaire (VTAQ). Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure, 45(2), 390- 408. https://doi.org/10.1080/07053436.2022.2097381

-Zach, S., Guy, S., Ben-Yechezkel, R., & Grosman-Rimon, L. (2024). Clear Yet Crossed: Athletes’ Retrospective Reports of Coach Violence. Behavioral Sciences, 14(6), 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14060486

PIEVS

Perceived Instrumental Effects of Violence in Sport Scale

The PIEVS is a validated questionnaire that measure coaches’ beliefs about perceived instrumental effects of violence in sport.

Language : French

Mode : Self-administered

Publication date : 2024

Validation :

Parent, S., Radziszewski, S., Gillard, A., Bélanger-Gravel, A., Gagné, M.-H., St-Pierre, E., Vertommen, T., &
Woodburn, A. (2024). Development and initial validation of the Perceived Instrumental Effects of Violence
in Sport Scale (PIEVS). Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, section Sport Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1355958

-Schwab, L., Röthlin, P., Philippe, R. A., & Horvath, S. (2024). The Perceived Instrumental Effects of Violence in Sport (PIEVS) Scale : Translation, (Cross–) Validation, and Short-Form Development of the German Version. Journal of Applied Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2941-7597/a000032. https://doi.org/10.1026/2941- 7597/a000032